How do you handle distributed transactions in a banking system?
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Managing distributed transactions in a banking system involves ensuring data consistency and integrity across multiple services and databases. Here are some key strategies:
Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
- Prepare Phase: Each participating service prepares to commit and locks the resources.
- Commit Phase: If all services are ready, they commit the transaction; otherwise, they roll back.
Sagas
- Choreography: Each service updates the transaction and triggers the next step. If a step fails, compensating transactions are triggered to undo previous steps.
- Orchestration: A central coordinator manages the transaction steps and handles compensations if needed.
Eventual Consistency
- Event Sourcing: Changes are logged as events, and the system eventually reaches consistency.
- CQRS: Command Query Responsibility Segregation separates the read and write models, allowing for eventual consistency.
Common Pitfalls
- Network Latency: Can lead to timeouts and inconsistencies.
- Partial Failures: Handling failures in one part of the system without affecting the entire transaction.
Use Cases
- Fund Transfers: Ensuring money is debited from one account and credited to another.
- Loan Processing: Coordinating between multiple services for credit checks, approvals, and disbursements.
